SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS

Objective: To instruct student in types of system malfunctions and procedures for dealing with them

Content: Smoke or fire, rough-running engine or partial power loss, loss of oil pressure, fuel starvation, engine overheat, hydraulic malfunction, electrical malfunction, carburetor or induction icing, pitot/static blockage, door/window open in flight, runaway trim, landing gear malfunction

Equipment:
Airworthy aircraft. PTS. POH emergency checklists

Schedule:
Ground lesson: 40 minutes
Instructor demonstration (landing gear) and student practice: 10 minutes
Occasional quizzing: throughout training
Postflight feedback: 5 minutes

Instructor:
Preflight: (see lesson plan) motivate, explain, list common errors, discuss.
In flight: Show student how to deal with various malfunctions
Postflight: Give feedback and suggestions.

Student:
Preflight: Attend to explanation, answer questions
In flight: Use correct malfunction procedures including emergency landing gear lever
Postflight: Ask questions.

Completion Standards:
St. understands the checklists and can follow them. Immediate ones such as fire (on ground or in flight) should be by memory and armchair-pilot practice


GROUND LESSON:
SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS

Review: Emergency descent and landing
Objective: Procedures for dealing with smoke or fire, rough-running engine or partial power loss, loss of oil pressure, fuel starvation, engine overheat, hydraulic malfunction, electrical malfunction, carburetor or induction icing, pitot/static blockage, door/window open in flight, runaway trim, landing gear malfunction
Materials: Emergency checklists

INTRODUCTION: Attention/motivation: (1 minute)
We've practiced emergency landings. An airplane is a complicated thing, and things can go wrong besides the engine quitting. Just as with emergency landings, these problems should be dealt with calmly, and that comes with practice.

DEVELOPMENT: Overview and explanation: (25 minutes)
Using the POH of the given airplane, go over the emergency procedure checklists for the following things:
1. Fire on the ground
2. rough-running engine or partial power loss
3. loss of oil pressure
4. fuel starvation
5. engine overheat
6. hydraulic malfunction
7. electrical malfunction
8. carburetor or induction icing
9. pitot/static blockage
10. door/window open in flight
11. runaway trim
12. landing gear malfunction
In all cases, follow the procedures that should be known from memory and then follow the checklist.

Armchair piloting: (5 minutes)
Practice the procedures for a fire while starting the engine, for an engine fire in flight, for an electrical fire in flight, and for emergency gear extension

Common errors: (2 minutes)
Not recognizing a malfunction
Incorrect identification of malfunction
Precipitous action taken
Failure to act in a timely way
Checklist not used

Oral evaluation/quiz and discussion questions: (3 minutes)
Q: The three green gear lights don't come on. How do you troubleshoot that? (Nav lights…)
Q: You're starting the engine and a fire starts. What do you do?
Q: You're flying along and smell what seems to be an electrical fire. Procedure?
Q: The altimeter is stuck. What's the likely cause, and what do you do?
Q: The airspeed indicator isn't making logical movements. What is the likely cause? What should you do?